Crinum

Crinum est un des genres les plus importants de la famille par le nombre d'espèces et sa répartition géographique, pan-tropicale, est la plus étendue.

La publication récente de travaux de phylogénie donne un nouveau regard sur l'histoire du genre. Elle conduit à l'abandon des anciens sous-genres artificiellement distingués sur le caractère actinomorphe ou zygomorphe des fleurs.

Les qualités décoratives et la vigueur de nombre d'espèces en font d'excellentes plantes de jardin, très appréciées dans de nombreux pays (cette page est la plus visitée du site). Curieusement, Crinum est très peu connu en France, où plusieurs espèces et hybrides sont pourtant rustiques.

Crinum L.

Publication : Species Plantarum 1: 291. 1753.

Type : Crinum americanum L. Species Plantarum 1: 292. 1753.

Dérivation : Du grec Krinon, "lis".

Espèces : environ 65 (ou 120 !).

Origine

Régions tropicales d'Afrique, Asie et Amériques.

Plusieurs espèces sont aquatiques, d'autres vivent sur des berges ou dans des marais plus ou moins temporaires voire dans des mangroves, d'autres dans des régions arides.

Sur le WEB

♥ Mailling-list Crinum : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/crinum/
♥ Meerow, Lehmiller & Clayton. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of Crinum... [www.bulbsociety.org/meerow/Meerow-Crinum.pdf]
♥ www.crinum.org : The Genus Crinum, descriptions and photographs, A Systematic Review of the Genus Crinum, by L. S. Hannibal.
♣ IBS Crinum
♣ Crinum L. - National Botanical Institute SA
♣ Marcelle's Crinum:
♣ www.shieldsgardens.com/amaryllids/Crinum.html, CrinumSpecies-2.html
♣ www.crinum.us
♣ http://amaryllids.ru/crinum.htm

(Ci-dessous, classement des espèces inspiré de Meerow & al. 2003.)

C. baumii

Transféré dans Ammocharis

♣ C. baumii IBS

C. ornatum

♣ www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_86.html

C. abyssinicum

♣ www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_55.html

C. yemense = C. album

C. zeylanicum

♣ www.geocities.com/marcellesheppard/Marcelle/Mar00189.jpg (Marcelle's Crinum)
♣ C. zeylanicum IBS
♣ www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_56.html

C. jagus

♣ C. jagus 1, dwarf, vanillodorum IBS

C. americanum

C. graminicola

C. bulbispermum

♣ www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/crinumbulbisp.htm

C. variabile

♣ C. variabile IBS
♣ www.shieldsgardens.com/amaryllids/Crinum_variabile-08-02-2003_2m.jpg (page)

C. moorei

♥ www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/crinummoor.htm
♣ (FR) Crinum moorei
♣ (FR) http://nature.jardin.free.fr/bulbe/pv_crinum_moorei.html
♣ C. moorei IBS
♣ www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_39.html
♣ var. schmidtii : www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_40.html, fig_41.html
♣ (SE) www.hobbyodlaren.com/crinum.html

C. campanulatum

♣ C. campanulatum IBS
♣ Rhoda McMaster's pictures (Dash's page)

C. crassicaule

♣ **Penrock Seeds and Plants newsletter: Nov.-Dec. 2003. (C. foetidum...)

C. lineare

♣ C. lineare IBS
♣ Crinum lineare (dorff's gallery)

C. lugardiae

♣ Jim Shields' page : [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
♣ C. lugardiae IBS

C. macowanii

C. carolo-schmidtii

♣ C. carolo-schmidtii IBS

C. flaccidum

C. angustifolium

C. asiaticum

♣ C. asiaticum, C. asiaticum 2, C. asiaticum var. japonicum, C. japonicum IBS

♣ www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/cri_asi.jpg

♣ www.plantoftheweek.org/week072.shtml

♣ www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/plants/crinum_lily.htm

♣ C. asiaticum dans la mangrove.

C. pacificum

♣ www.ausbulbs.org/images/Crinum pacificum.jpg, Criunum pacificum flower.jpg

C. pedunculatum

C. mauritianum

C. firmifolium

♣ www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_5.html
♣ C. firmifolium IBS
♣ http://theafricangarden.netfirms.com/crinumfirmifolium.jpg

C. buphanoides

C. subcernuum

♣ C. subcernuum, IBS

C. defixum

C. amoenum

♣ www.ganeshvilla.com/bulbs/crinum_amoenum.htm (page)

C. thaianum

♣ www.rhusmann.de/aqua/crinum.htm Floraison en aquarium !
♣ C. thaianum IBS

C. fimbriatulum

♣ www.crinum.org/crinpics/fig_52.html

C. amabile

♣ www4.i-younet.ne.jp/~wanien/crinum.htm

C. crispum

♣ C. crispum IBS

C. foetidum

♣ C. foetidum IBS
♣ **Penrock Seeds and Plants newsletter: Nov.-Dec. 2002.

C. gowenii

♣ C. gowenii IBS

C. minimum

♣ C. minimum IBS
♣ **Penrock Seeds and Plants newsletter: Nov.-Dec. 2002.

C. natans

♣ Fleuri : www.rva.ne.jp/gallery/c_natans_crispus.htm
♣ Fleur : **www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Crinum/Crinum_natans_AG.gif (pbs)
♣ **www.petswarehouse.com/plants/plantpic17.htm
♣ www.natureaquarium.it/schede/schede1/crinum.htm
Autres liens : page "aquarium"

C. nubicum

♣ C. nubicum IBS

C. paludosum

♣ www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/crinumpal.htm
♣ Crinum paludosum (dorff's gallery)

C. procerum

♣ C. procerum IBS

C. purpurascens

C. scabrum

♣ C. scabrum IBS

Hybrides

C. x powellii

♣ C. x powellii IBS

Crinum 'Aphrodite' (C. x powelli ?)

♣ http://membres.lycos.fr/marybg/plantes/Plantes_en_pot/crinum_powelli_aphrodite.jpg

Crinum x augustum. Photo Dany de Coninck

C. augustum

♣ University of Basel
♣ Crinum x augustum photographié aux Seychelles. Photo Mme D. de Coninck
♣ C. augustum IBS

Culture

Certaines espèces supportent des températures basses, pourvu que le sol soit sec.

Crinum Hardiness Notes From Here and There, from Marcelle Sheppard. Avec une liste d'espèces et cultivars résistant à -15°C (5°F).
www.shieldsgardens.com/amaryllids/Crinum.html
www.sd1new.net/GardenPages/crinum.htm
C. asiaticum www.plantoftheweek.org/week072.shtml
C. asiaticum www.floridata.com/ref/c/crin_asi.cfm
C. bulbispermum www.gardenbed.com/C/1294.cfm
C. flacidum http://gardenbed.com/c/1295.cfm
Crinum hybride www.botany.com/crinum.html
Crinum sp. www.floridagardener.com/pom/crinum.htm

Fournisseurs (+)

(FR) Bulb'Argence : C. moorei alba, C. x powellii, C. x powellii album, C. 'Ellen Bosanquet'
(FR) Pépinière Issa des Hauts de Valcyre, 67 avenue de Grenache. 34270 Valflaunes : ~ 14 espèces.
(FR, la Réunion) La Compagnie des Plantes Australes - (7 esp.)
(FR) Bulbe d'Opale, 384 Boerenweg Ouest, 59285 Buysscheure. (moorei, moorei album, x powelli, pow. album)
(FR) TropicaFlor : Plantes_par_familleAmaryllidaceae.html, C. amoenum, moorei alba, asiaticum 'Albo Marginata', 'Ellen Bosanquet'.
(FR) Schryve Jardin - BP 71, 59270 Bailleul.
(UK) Cotswold Garden Flowers : C. asiaticum, bulbispermum, erubescens, macowanii, moorei, variabile, yemense + 8 CV.
(UK) Paul Christian Rare Plants : www.rareplants.co.uk/crinum/index.htm C. campanulatum, C. delagoense
(UK) Avon Bulbs : C. x powelli, C. x powelli album
(UK) **Bertrams Blooms : **Crinum amoenum, campanulatum, macowanii...
(UK) Whitestone www.cactus-mall.com/whitestone/bulbs.html : baumii, buphanoides, campanulatum, variabile
(DE) www.flora-toskana.de/Pflanzensortiment/zwiebel/crinum.htm C. x powelli
(USA) Telos Rare Bulbs : www.telosrarebulbs.com/BoophaneFerraria.html, C. bulbispermum, buphanoides, delagoense, lugardiae, macowanii.
(USA) Plant Delights Nursery : www.plantdelights.com/Catalog/Current/page19.html bulbispermum + 10cv
(USA) Exotic-Plants.com buphanoides, campanulatum, delagoense, moorei, powelli
(USA) TyTy : plusieurs espèces dont C. amoenum, C. yemense, C. zeylanicum...
(USA) Bulbmania : www.bulbmania.com/amary00.html 5 esp + 9 cv
(USA) Floralartistry : www.geocities.com/floralartistry2000/Crinum.html, C. scabrum + CV
(USA, TX) www.yuccado.com/ C. procerum var. splendens, mini C. americanum + 5cv
(USA) www.rickstropica.com/ : C. bulbispermum, C. macowanii, C. moorei, 'Ellen Bosanquet'
(USA) Aaron's Nursery www.aaronscanna-amaryllis.com 12 cv
(USA, Fl) **www.rareflora.com/list5.htm : C. jagus
www.botanictreasures.com/PlumeriaPeople/crinumlist.html 5cv
(USA, MI) Oddysey Bulbs : www.odysseybulbs.com/agapanthustocrinum.html 3cv
(Japon) www.komoriya.co.jp/list/crinum.html C. amoenum +cv

South hemisphere: inverted seasons.

(Au) Mainly Amaryllids Garden
(RSA) Cape Seed and Bulb : www.clivia.co.za/flowerlist.html, C. campanulatum, C. moorei, C. variabilis

Graines / Seed

(USA) Bulbmania www.bulbmania.com/mainlist.html C. moorei, bulbispermum
(RSA) www.silverhillseeds.co.za/new.asp C. variabile ...

Bibliographie* (+ sur les alcaloïdes)

American Amaryllis Society Yearbook 1935
Wildeman, É. De. 1937. A propos de plantes contre la lèpre (Crinum sp. Amaryllidacées). Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Mémoires, Collection in-8°, Tome V, fasc. 3. (58 pp)
Perrier, H . 1939. Les Crinum de Madagascar. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 86: 94-92.
Uphof, J.C. 1943. A review of the species of Crinum. Herbertia 9(1942): 63-84.
Herbertia 1947
Chevalier A. 1950. Sur quelques Crinum de l'Afrique tropicale. Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 30:610-625.
Plant Life 1966 p 45, 46, 56, 57.
Plant Life 1967
Hannibal L. S. 1969. Crinum 'Queen Emma' Identified. Plant Life 25: 43.
Hannibal L. S. 1969. Platyaster and Stenaster crossed with Codonocrinum. Plant Life 25: 92-94.
Hannibal L. S. 1969. Four Common "Milk & Wine" Crinums. Plant Life 25: 113-115.
Schulze, J. 1972. Crinum thaianum J. Schulze, a new aquatic species from Southeast Asia, Plant Life 28: 33-42.
Aké Assi, L. 1972. Conceptions inédites pour la détermination des espèces de Crinum (Amaryllidacées) de Côte d'Ivoire. Bull. de l'I.F.A.N., T.34, sér. A, n° 3 : 525-528.
Traub H. P. 1973. The "Wine-Colored" Hybrid Crinum, 'Elizabeth Traub'. Plant Life 29: 35.
Traub H. P. 1975. Ovary Apex Elongation in Crinum. Plant Life 31: 33-34
Traub H. P. 1975. Amaryllid Notes, 1975. Plant Life 31: 63.
Bennett R. K. 1977. Two Copper-Colored Crinums. Plant Life 33: 31-32.
Verdoorn I. C. 1977. The Genus Crinum in So. Africa. Plant Life 33: 32-35.
Ravenna Pierfelice 1977. New Synonyms-Amaryllidaceae. Plant Life 33: 36-38.
Hannibal L. S. 1980. Anticarcigenetic Properties of Crinum species. Plant Life 36: 27-28.
Stephen-Hassard Q. M. 1980. A Crinum from Nepal. Plant Life 36: 49-51.
Traub H. P. 1980. Crinum defixum forma stephenhassardii f. nov. Plant Life 36: 51-52.
Traub H. P. 1980. Miniature Crinums. Plant Life 36: 52.
Wilson Marcia C. 1980. A Miniature Crinum from the Caribbean. Plant Life 36: 52-53.
Howard T. M. 1980. Advances in Crinum Breeding. Plant Life 36: 86-92.
Ravenna Pierfelice 1982. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae. Plant Life 38: 42-55.
Flory W. S. 1982. Chromosomes of a Dwarf Crinum from the West Indies. Plant Life 38: 31-33
Howard T. M. 1982. Advances in Crinum Breeding (Part II). Plant Life 38: 78-86
Traub H.P. 1982. Dwarf West Indies Crinum sp., under Swamp Nutrient Solution Culture. Plant Life 38: 109-108
Kelly, H. Jr 1983. The origin of Crinum x clone 'White Queen' (Burbank-Henderson, 1930). Plant Life 39: 66-78.
Kelly, Herbert Jr 1983. Hybrid Crinum x clone 'Royal White' (Henderson, 1937). Plant Life 39: 78-80.
Traub H. P. 1983. The Subgenera of Genus Crinum L. Plant Life 39: 80-81.
Hannibal L.S. 1984. The status of Crinum species. Herbertia 40: 57-63.
Hannibal L.S. 1984. Frank Leach and the Burbank Crinum. Herbertia 40: 65-67.
Bundrant L.A. 1984. Parentage of H.B. Bradley's Crinum Hybrids. Herbertia 40: 68-70.
Kelly Herbert, Jr 1984. A Crinum of Unknown Origin. Herbertia 40: 70-77.
Bundrandt L.A. 1984. Crinum buphanoides Welwitsch ex Baker. Herbertia 40: 95-97.
Bundrandt L.A. 1984. Crinum submersum Herbert and Its Look-Alike. Herbertia 40: 97-102.
Kelly H., Jr 1986. Major Color Breakthrough in Hybrid Crinum. Herbertia 42:71
Drysdale William T.1986. Crinum 'Emma Swets'. Herbertia 42:92
Hannibal L.S. 1987. A New Crinum from New Guinea. Herbertia 43 n°1:14-16.
Humphreys J.M. 1987. Crinum asiaticum Cultivation in Northeast Georgia. Herbertia 43 n°1: 52-54.
Howard Thad M. 1987. Crinum Notes - 1987. Herbertia 43 n°1: 61-67.
Lehmiller D. J. 1987. Observations of Crinum americanum L.; The Neches River Revisited. Herbertia 43 n°2: 22-32.
Lehmiller David J. 1987. A South African Crinum Safari. Herbertia 43 n°2: 50-59.
Lehmiller D.J. 1988. Crinum of the Seychelles and Mauritius. Herbertia 44 n°1: 13-16.
Howard T.M. 1988. Cultivated Crinums of southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. Herbertia 44 n°2: 21-23.
Oliver, I. 1990. Crinum bulbispermum. Veld & Flora 76(2): 57. [Disponible en ligne, numérisé en format jpeg]
Manasse RS. 1990. Seed size and habitat effects on the water-dispersed perennial, Crinum erubescens (Amaryllidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 77(10): 1336-1341.
Meerow, A. W. 1991. New crops with potential: crinum and rain lilies. Nursery Digest 25(10): 20-21, 32-33.
Lehmiller D.J. 1992. Indigenous Crinum of Namibia (South West Africa). Herbertia 48: 32-38.
Lehmiller D.J. 1992. Crinum hildebrandtii Vatke. Herbertia 48: 70-73.
Lehmiller D.J. 1992. Additional Notes on Namibian (South West African) Crinum. Herbertia 48: 75-85.
Lehmiller D.J. 1992. Restoration of Crinum forbesii (Lind.) Schultz Emend. Herbert. Herbertia 48: 86-90.
Lehmiller D.J. 1993. The Identity of Crinum americanum L. (Amaryllidaceae). Herbertia 49: 58-66.
Hepper F.N. 1995. The Correct Name of the Yemeni Crinum (Amaryllidaceae). Herbertia 50: 20-21. [C. album (Forssk.) Herb.]
Lehmiler D. J. 1996. Cultivation of African Crinum in Pots and Tubs. Herbertia 51: 33-37.
Archer R.H., Archer C., 1996. Notes on African plants: Amaryllidaceae: Should Crinum forbesii (Lindl.) Schult. & Schult. f. be reinstated ? Bothalia, 26(2): 153.
Lehmiller, D.J. 1997. Synopsis of the Genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae) in Namibia. Herbertia 52: 44-65.
Craib C. and Andrew Blackmore 1997. Crinum acaule in Zululand, South Africa. Herbertia 52: 72-80.
Archer R.H. 1997. Crinum acaule, C. minimum and C. parvibulbosum in Southern Africa. Herbertia 52: 90-94.
Craib C. 1997. Crinum minimum: One of South Africa's Most Unusual Bulbous Plants. Herbertia 52: 101-108.
Lehmiller D.J. 1997. Amaryllis ornata L.f. in Aiton, Unpublished Manuscripts of Linnaeus Filius, and Crinum Series Ornata Herbert. Herbertia 52: 112-118.
Lehmiller D.J. 1997. Crinum Subgenus Codonocrinum in Southern Tchad and Extreme Northern Cameroun. Herbertia 52: 119-133.
Craib Charles. 1998. Crinum buphanoides in South Africa. Herbertia 53: 186-189.
Craib Charles. 1998. Crinum graminicola near Johannesburg and Pretoria in South Africa's Gauteng Province. Herbertia 53: 190-194.
Hankey A. 1998. A rescue account of a population of Crinum graminicola near Pretoria. Herbertia 53: 199-200.
Pettit Gregg. 1998. Growing African bulbs. Herbertia 53: 108-115.
Willery, D. 2000. Le Crinum 'Aphrodite'. Jardins de France, (9): 15.
Lehmiller, D.J. 2001. A New Species of Crinum (Amaryllidaceae) from Madagascar. Herbertia 55(2000): 130-133.
Govender, N. 2002. Sabonet Expedition 2001: Crinum stuhlmannii in Maputaland. Sabonet News 7(1): 19-20.
Lehmiller, D.J. 2002. Nomenclature change of a Crinum species from Madagascar. Herbertia 56(2001): 91-95.
Nordal, I, Zimudzi, C, Archer, R.H. 2002. (1518) Proposal to reject the name Crinum crassicaule (Amaryllidaceae). Taxon 51(1): 187-188.
Nordal, I, Sebsebe Demissew. 2002. Crinum bambusetum, a new species of Amaryllidaceae from North East Africa. Kew Bull. 57(2): 465-469.
Punekar, S.A, Mandar, N.D, Lakshminarasimhan, P. 2002. Crinum brachynema Herb. (Amaryllidaceae): an endemic species found again in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra State. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 25("2001")(3): 629-630.
Meerow, A.W., Lehmiller, D.J. & Clayton, J.R. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae) inferred from nuclear and limited plastid non-coding DNA sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(3): 349-363. [abstract] [www.bulbsociety.org/meerow/Meerow-Crinum.pdf]
Kwembeya E.G., Bjora Ch.S., Stedje B., Nordal I. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae) with emphasis on tropical African species : evidence from trnL-F and nuclear ITS DNA sequence data. Taxon, 56(3): 801-810.